{"id":2790,"date":"2020-04-22T15:30:47","date_gmt":"2020-04-22T13:30:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/?p=2790"},"modified":"2024-11-26T16:29:46","modified_gmt":"2024-11-26T16:29:46","slug":"the-spearhead-snake","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/en\/le-serpent-fer-de-lance\/","title":{"rendered":"The Fer de Lance snake"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>The Fer de Lance, a snake like no other<\/h2>\n<p>The snake <strong>Spearhead<\/strong> est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l\u2019un des serpents les plus dangereux du Costa Rica.<\/p>\n<p>Il fait partie de la famille des Viperidae et du genre Bothrops.<\/p>\n<p>Au Costa Rica il est responsable des morsures les plus fr\u00e9quentes chez les serpents.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00eame si sa r\u00e9putation le pr\u00e9c\u00e8de, le serpent Fer de Lance reste malgr\u00e9 tout une merveille de la nature, qui a su s\u2019adapter parfaitement \u00e0 son environnement et qu\u2019il est tr\u00e8s rare de rencontrer en balade ou en randonn\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>C\u2019est pourquoi nous allons essayer de connaitre un peu mieux cette superbe vip\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p>Nous trouvons <strong>140 species<\/strong> of snakes in Costa Rica, including <strong>23<\/strong> sont venimeuses.<\/p>\n<p>Parmi les serpents venimeux deux grandes familles se distinguent\u00a0: les Elapidae (ex\u00a0: serpent Corail) et les Viperidae.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Le fer de lance fait partie des vip\u00e8res et peut se trouver sur \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s tout le territoire costaricien.<\/p>\n<p>Il peut atteindre la taille de 2m50 mais sa moyenne se trouve autour de 1m80. Les femelles sont beaucoup plus grosses que les m\u00e2les.<\/p>\n<p>Deux caract\u00e9ristiques identifient le fer de lance\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sa <strong>triangular head<\/strong> in the shape of a spear, giving it its name<\/li>\n<li>Visit <strong>scale pattern<\/strong> along its body, resembling a volcano or a triangle when viewed from the side, and X-shaped when viewed from above.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The Spearhead is well distributed throughout the country, adapting to almost any environment (up to 1500m altitude), and the female can give birth to a hundred individuals at a time.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2792 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-bothrops-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"spearhead\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-bothrops-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-bothrops-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-bothrops-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-bothrops-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-bothrops.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>A well-deserved reputation: Fer de Lance is dangerous<\/h3>\n<p>Qu\u2019est-ce qui fait que le fer de lance est responsable de plus de 50% des morsures au Costa Rica ?<\/p>\n<p>Il faut tout d\u2019abord pr\u00e9ciser le contexte des morsures.<\/p>\n<p>Il s\u2019agit en effet d\u2019une donn\u00e9e essentielle pour les voyageurs qui souhaiteraient visiter le Costa Rica et qui auraient des doutes sur le danger que peut repr\u00e9senter les serpents au Costa Rica.<\/p>\n<p>Et bien soyez rassur\u00e9s, les accidents ont lieu pour la grande majorit\u00e9 chez des personnes travaillant la terre, en pleine campagne et dans des zones rurales isol\u00e9es. C\u2019est pourquoi il est si rare de pouvoir observer le fer de lance lors d\u2019un voyage au Costa Rica.<\/p>\n<p>Notre agence de voyage, nos guides, nos connaissances et les informations qui filtrent du milieu du tourisme n\u2019ont jamais fait \u00e9tat d\u2019une morsure envers un touriste.<\/p>\n<p>Bien s\u00fbr n\u2019importe qu\u2019elle personne cherchant les \u00e9motions fortes et voulant toucher ce serpent (s\u2019il le trouve), aura plus de possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre mordu. Mais dans le cadre normal d\u2019un voyage touristique, le risque de morsure est proche de z\u00e9ro (le risque z\u00e9ro n\u2019existant pas).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2791 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-1024x684.jpg\" alt=\"spearhead snake\" width=\"1024\" height=\"684\" srcset=\"https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>By the way, should we say venomous or poisonous? Bitten or stung?<\/h4>\n<p>The term <strong>poisonous<\/strong> is used to refer to toxic species of origin. <strong>Vegetal<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Alors que nous utiliserons <strong>poisonous<\/strong> for a toxic species of origin <strong>Animal<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Lorsque l\u2019on constate une <strong>serpen attack<\/strong>t we're talking about <strong>bite<\/strong> and not a sting, because the <strong>snake bites with hooks<\/strong> and does not sting with a sting.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Snake teeth<\/h3>\n<p>There are 4 groups of dentition<\/p>\n<h4>Aglyphe<\/h4>\n<p><strong>No venom channel<\/strong>This group includes <strong>boas<\/strong>the <strong>pythons<\/strong> and <strong>certain snakes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4>Opistoglyph<\/h4>\n<p>Les canaux \u00e0 venins sont situ\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019arri\u00e8re de la bouche du serpent, ce qui a pour cons\u00e9quence une tr\u00e8s faible probabilit\u00e9 d\u2019injection de venin. Les accidents sont donc rares.<\/p>\n<p>On y retrouve des <strong>snakes<\/strong> and the famous <strong>Boomslang<\/strong> (very poisonous)<\/p>\n<h4>Proteroglyph<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Venom hooks are small and fixed<\/strong>. The snakes in this group are extremely dangerous. They include <strong>cobras<\/strong>the <strong>mambas<\/strong> (can move their hooks slightly forward) and <strong>coral snakes<\/strong> for example.<\/p>\n<h4>Solenoglyph<\/h4>\n<p>The snakes in this group have <strong>long, folding venom hooks<\/strong> qui viennent se loger dans une gaine protectrice une fois la bouche ferm\u00e9e. Lors de l\u2019ouverture de la bouche, les crochets \u00e0 venins sont projet\u00e9s vers l\u2019avant et sont comparables \u00e0 des seringues \u00e9pidermiques.<\/p>\n<p>Ce groupe comprend les <strong>vipers and therefore the Fer de Lance.<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2793\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2793\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2793 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/apareil-venimeux-serpents-1024x785.jpg\" alt=\"snake dentition\" width=\"1024\" height=\"785\" srcset=\"https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/apareil-venimeux-serpents-1024x785.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/apareil-venimeux-serpents-300x230.jpg 300w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/apareil-venimeux-serpents-768x589.jpg 768w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/apareil-venimeux-serpents-1536x1177.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/apareil-venimeux-serpents-2048x1570.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2793\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Venomous apparatus of snakes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>When a snake bites, not all the venom is injected. In fact, sometimes no dose of venom is injected at all during a bite, because the adult individual is capable of dosing the quantity of venom injected. This is why a young, inexperienced individual is often considered more dangerous than an adult. The youngster will tend to release his full dose of venom in one bite.<\/p>\n<h3>What to do if bitten by Fer de Lance and other snakes?<\/h3>\n<p>Whether bitten by a spearhead or another snake, the priority is to <strong>calm down<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>En effet, les venins circulent plus vite dans le corps si la victime est paniqu\u00e9e et affol\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>En aucun cas il ne faut faire de garrot, car le garrot n\u2019emp\u00eachera pas tout le venin de se diffuser dans le reste du corps et concentrera au contraire le venin dans une zone restreinte ce qui pourrait produire une n\u00e9crose importante de la zone.<\/p>\n<p>Il ne faut pas non plus aspirer le venin, s\u2019approcher d\u2019une zone de chaleur ou y appliquer des plantes.<\/p>\n<h4>What to do:<\/h4>\n<p>Appeler les secours. Si vous \u00eates en possession d\u2019un anti venin ou s\u00e9rum anti-ophidien ne vous l\u2019injectez pas vous-m\u00eame. En effet, chez certaines personnes le s\u00e9rum anti-ophidien provoque une maladie (la maladie du s\u00e9rum) et doit \u00eatre contr\u00f4l\u00e9e en milieu hospitalier. C\u2019est pourquoi le s\u00e9rum anti-ophidien est dans la mesure du possible, toujours administr\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00f4pital.<\/p>\n<p>Quel est le type de venin du serpent fer de lance\u00a0?<\/p>\n<p>Au Costa Rica, les venins des serpents sont de deux types\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hemotoxic<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Neurotoxic<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Hemotoxic venom<\/h5>\n<p>Comme son nom l\u2019indique il aura une influence sur le sang. Les enzymes contenues dans le venin affectent la circulation sanguine.<\/p>\n<p>Le fer de lance poss\u00e8de un venin h\u00e9motoxique.<\/p>\n<h5>Neurotoxic venom<\/h5>\n<p>Ce venin agit sur le transfert de l\u2019influx nerveux, ce qui peut provoquer une asphyxie.<\/p>\n<p>Le serpent corail et le serpent marin poss\u00e8de un venin neurotoxique<\/p>\n<h4>To sum up:<\/h4>\n<h5>What to do if bitten by Fer de Lance and other snakes<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tranquilize the victim and lay him\/her down in a safe position<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Clean the bite with soap and water to disinfect it<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Remove belts, socks and other accessories that could impede blood circulation<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Keep the victim hydrated<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Immobilize the affected extremity<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Transport to the nearest hospital<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5>What not to do<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>DO NOT make an incision on the bite<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>DO NOT apply a tourniquet<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>DO NOT put a cold or icy compress on the bite, as this may aggravate the effect of the venom<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>DO NOT administer chemical substances, plant or animal extracts, as there is no evidence of their efficacy.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>DO NOT give alcohol to drink<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>DO NOT aspirate the wound<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Anti-ophid serums<\/h3>\n<p>In Costa Rica, in the <a href=\"https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/en\/destinations-costa-rica\/san-jose-costa-rica\/\">San Jos\u00e9<\/a>, l'<a href=\"http:\/\/www.icp.ucr.ac.cr\/\">Clodomiro Picado Institute<\/a> fabrique des anti venins depuis 1970. C\u2019est pourquoi il n\u2019est \u00e0 d\u00e9plorer qu\u2019un ou deux morts par an dues \u00e0 la morsure d\u2019un serpent. Ces morts s\u2019expliquent par l\u2019isolement et l\u2019\u00e9loignement g\u00e9ographique de la personne mordue, qui n\u2019a ainsi pas pu se rendre \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00f4pital \u00e0 temps.<\/p>\n<p>Les s\u00e9rums sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9s \u00e0 partir du plasma d\u2019animaux (cheval, ch\u00e8vre, mouton, vache, etc\u2026) pr\u00e9alablement hyperimmunis\u00e9 contre le venin d\u2019une esp\u00e8ce de serpent sp\u00e9cifique.<\/p>\n<p>Ces anti venins sont disponibles dans tous les centres de secours costariciens, dispensaires, h\u00f4pitaux et cliniques priv\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>A balanced ecosystem<\/h3>\n<p>While the reputation of the Fer de Lance snake is well-established, the real danger of a bite is very low, given several factors:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>It is very difficult to find<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>He loves camouflage<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>It avoids humans<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Rencontrer un fer de lance lors d\u2019une balade dans un parc national rel\u00e8vera de la chance (ou malchance cela d\u00e9pend des points de vue) car il est interdit de s\u2019aventurer hors des sentiers balis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Les serpents comme le fer de lance ayant besoin de se camoufler ne <strong>will not be venturing down these paths<\/strong>. C\u2019est pourquoi il est tr\u00e8s rare de pouvoir en observer un.<\/p>\n<p>Le fer de lance reste pourtant un formidable animal, au sommet de la chaine alimentaire, qui de par son camouflage, sa capacit\u00e9 d\u2019adaptation aux milieux g\u00e9ographiques vari\u00e9s et son appareil \u00e0 venin font de lui un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes costariciens.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Fer de Lance, un serpent pas comme les autres Le serpent Fer de Lance est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l\u2019un des serpents les plus dangereux du Costa Rica. Il fait partie de la famille des Viperidae et du genre Bothrops. Au Costa Rica il est responsable des morsures les plus fr\u00e9quentes chez les serpents. M\u00eame si [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2791,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites-au-costa-rica-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Le serpent fer de lance au Costa Rica, un serpent pas comme les autres<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le fer de lance a une r\u00e9putation de serpent dangereux \u00e0 travers le monde. 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