{"id":2790,"date":"2020-04-22T15:30:47","date_gmt":"2020-04-22T13:30:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/?p=2790"},"modified":"2024-11-26T16:29:46","modified_gmt":"2024-11-26T16:29:46","slug":"the-spearhead-snake","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/en\/le-serpent-fer-de-lance\/","title":{"rendered":"The Fer de Lance snake"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>The Fer de Lance, a snake like no other<\/h2>\n<p>The snake <strong>Spearhead<\/strong> is considered one of the most dangerous snakes in Costa Rica.<\/p>\n<p>It belongs to the Viperidae family and the Bothrops genus.<\/p>\n<p>In Costa Rica, it is responsible for the most common snakebites.<\/p>\n<p>Even though its reputation precedes it, the Fer de Lance snake is nonetheless a marvel of nature\u2014one that has adapted perfectly to its environment and is very rarely encountered while out for a walk or hike.<\/p>\n<p>That's why we're going to try to learn a little more about this magnificent viper.<\/p>\n<p>We find <strong>140 species<\/strong> of snakes in Costa Rica, including <strong>23<\/strong> are poisonous.<\/p>\n<p>Among venomous snakes, two major families stand out: the Elapidae (e.g., the coral snake) and the Viperidae.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The spear-nosed viper is a member of the viper family and can be found throughout most of Costa Rica.<\/p>\n<p>It can grow up to 2.50 meters tall, but its average height is around 1.80 meters. Females are much larger than males.<\/p>\n<p>Two characteristics define the spearhead:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sa <strong>triangular head<\/strong> in the shape of a spear, giving it its name<\/li>\n<li>Visit <strong>scale pattern<\/strong> along its body, resembling a volcano or a triangle when viewed from the side, and X-shaped when viewed from above.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The Spearhead is well distributed throughout the country, adapting to almost any environment (up to 1500m altitude), and the female can give birth to a hundred individuals at a time.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2792 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-bothrops-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"spearhead\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-bothrops-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-bothrops-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-bothrops-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-bothrops-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-bothrops.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>A well-deserved reputation: Fer de Lance is dangerous<\/h3>\n<p>Why is the spearhead responsible for more than 50% of bites in Costa Rica?<\/p>\n<p>First, we need to clarify the context of the bites.<\/p>\n<p>This is, in fact, essential information for travelers who would like to visit Costa Rica but may have concerns about the danger posed by snakes in Costa Rica.<\/p>\n<p>Well, rest assured\u2014the vast majority of accidents occur among people who work the land, out in the countryside and in remote rural areas. That\u2019s why it\u2019s so rare to see a spearhead during a trip to Costa Rica.<\/p>\n<p>Our travel agency, our guides, our contacts, and the information we receive from the tourism industry have never reported a single case of a tourist being bitten.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, anyone seeking thrills and wanting to touch this snake (if they find it) will be more likely to be bitten. But under normal circumstances during a tourist trip, the risk of being bitten is close to zero (since there is no such thing as zero risk).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2791 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-1024x684.jpg\" alt=\"spearhead snake\" width=\"1024\" height=\"684\" srcset=\"https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fer-de-lance.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>By the way, should we say venomous or poisonous? Bitten or stung?<\/h4>\n<p>The term <strong>poisonous<\/strong> is used to refer to toxic species of origin. <strong>Vegetal<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>While we will be using <strong>poisonous<\/strong> for a toxic species of origin <strong>Animal<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>When we observe a <strong>serpen attack<\/strong>t we're talking about <strong>bite<\/strong> and not a sting, because the <strong>snake bites with hooks<\/strong> and does not sting with a sting.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Snake teeth<\/h3>\n<p>There are 4 groups of dentition<\/p>\n<h4>Aglyphe<\/h4>\n<p><strong>No venom channel<\/strong>This group includes <strong>boas<\/strong>the <strong>pythons<\/strong> and <strong>certain snakes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4>Opistoglyph<\/h4>\n<p>The venom ducts are located at the back of the snake's mouth, which means there is a very low probability of venom being injected. Accidents are therefore rare.<\/p>\n<p>It includes <strong>snakes<\/strong> and the famous <strong>Boomslang<\/strong> (very poisonous)<\/p>\n<h4>Proteroglyph<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Venom hooks are small and fixed<\/strong>. The snakes in this group are extremely dangerous. They include <strong>cobras<\/strong>the <strong>mambas<\/strong> (can move their hooks slightly forward) and <strong>coral snakes<\/strong> for example.<\/p>\n<h4>Solenoglyph<\/h4>\n<p>The snakes in this group have <strong>long, folding venom hooks<\/strong> which are housed in a protective sheath once the mouth is closed. When the mouth opens, the venom hooks are propelled forward and function like dermal syringes.<\/p>\n<p>This group includes the <strong>vipers and therefore the Fer de Lance.<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2793\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2793\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2793 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/apareil-venimeux-serpents-1024x785.jpg\" alt=\"snake dentition\" width=\"1024\" height=\"785\" srcset=\"https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/apareil-venimeux-serpents-1024x785.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/apareil-venimeux-serpents-300x230.jpg 300w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/apareil-venimeux-serpents-768x589.jpg 768w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/apareil-venimeux-serpents-1536x1177.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/apareil-venimeux-serpents-2048x1570.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2793\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Venomous apparatus of snakes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>When a snake bites, not all the venom is injected. In fact, sometimes no dose of venom is injected at all during a bite, because the adult individual is capable of dosing the quantity of venom injected. This is why a young, inexperienced individual is often considered more dangerous than an adult. The youngster will tend to release his full dose of venom in one bite.<\/p>\n<h3>What to do if bitten by Fer de Lance and other snakes?<\/h3>\n<p>Whether bitten by a spearhead or another snake, the priority is to <strong>calm down<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>In fact, venom spreads through the body more quickly if the victim is panicked and terrified.<\/p>\n<p>Under no circumstances should you apply a tourniquet, because a tourniquet will not prevent all the venom from spreading to the rest of the body; on the contrary, it will concentrate the venom in a small area, which could cause significant necrosis in that area.<\/p>\n<p>You should also not suck out the venom, go near a heat source, or apply plants to the area.<\/p>\n<h4>What to do:<\/h4>\n<p>Call for emergency help. If you have antivenom or snake antiserum, do not inject it yourself. In fact, in some people, antivenom can cause a condition known as serum sickness, which must be treated in a hospital setting. That is why antivenom is always administered in a hospital whenever possible.<\/p>\n<p>What type of venom does the spearhead snake have?<\/p>\n<p>In Costa Rica, there are two types of snake venom:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hemotoxic<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Neurotoxic<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Hemotoxic venom<\/h5>\n<p>As its name suggests, it will affect the blood. The enzymes in the venom affect blood circulation.<\/p>\n<p>The spearhead contains a hemotoxic venom.<\/p>\n<h5>Neurotoxic venom<\/h5>\n<p>This venom affects the transmission of nerve impulses, which can cause asphyxia.<\/p>\n<p>The coral snake and the sea snake have neurotoxic venom<\/p>\n<h4>To sum up:<\/h4>\n<h5>What to do if bitten by Fer de Lance and other snakes<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tranquilize the victim and lay him\/her down in a safe position<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Clean the bite with soap and water to disinfect it<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Remove belts, socks and other accessories that could impede blood circulation<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Keep the victim hydrated<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Immobilize the affected extremity<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Transport to the nearest hospital<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5>What not to do<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>DO NOT make an incision on the bite<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>DO NOT apply a tourniquet<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>DO NOT put a cold or icy compress on the bite, as this may aggravate the effect of the venom<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>DO NOT administer chemical substances, plant or animal extracts, as there is no evidence of their efficacy.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>DO NOT give alcohol to drink<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>DO NOT aspirate the wound<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Anti-ophid serums<\/h3>\n<p>In Costa Rica, in the <a href=\"https:\/\/morphocostarica.com\/en\/destinations-costa-rica\/san-jose-costa-rica\/\">San Jos\u00e9<\/a>, l'<a href=\"http:\/\/www.icp.ucr.ac.cr\/\">Clodomiro Picado Institute<\/a> has been manufacturing antivenoms since 1970. That is why there are only one or two deaths per year due to snake bites. These deaths are attributable to the isolation and remote location of the person who was bitten, who was therefore unable to reach a hospital in time.<\/p>\n<p>Serums are made from the plasma of animals (horses, goats, sheep, cows, etc.) that have been pre-hyperimmunized against the venom of a specific species of snake.<\/p>\n<p>These antivenoms are available at all Costa Rican emergency centers, health clinics, hospitals, and private clinics.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>A balanced ecosystem<\/h3>\n<p>While the reputation of the Fer de Lance snake is well-established, the real danger of a bite is very low, given several factors:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>It is very difficult to find<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>He loves camouflage<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>It avoids humans<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Coming across a spearhead while hiking in a national park would be a matter of luck (or bad luck, depending on your point of view), since it\u2019s forbidden to venture off the marked trails.<\/p>\n<p>Snakes, like the spearhead, need to camouflage themselves, so they do not <strong>will not be venturing down these paths<\/strong>. That is why it is very rare to see one.<\/p>\n<p>The spearhead, however, remains a remarkable animal at the top of the food chain; its camouflage, its ability to adapt to a variety of geographic environments, and its venomous system make it an essential part of Costa Rican ecosystems.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Fer de Lance, un serpent pas comme les autres Le serpent Fer de Lance est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l\u2019un des serpents les plus dangereux du Costa Rica. Il fait partie de la famille des Viperidae et du genre Bothrops. Au Costa Rica il est responsable des morsures les plus fr\u00e9quentes chez les serpents. M\u00eame si [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2791,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites-au-costa-rica-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Le serpent fer de lance au Costa Rica, un serpent pas comme les autres<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le fer de lance a une r\u00e9putation de serpent dangereux \u00e0 travers le monde. 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